The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.